Aristate antennae are pouchlike, with a lateral bristle. The antenna analysis of insect antennae ali abdolali. Essentially a sensory organ, the insect antennas give them the ability to detect chemical and movement. These tiny creatures display the most diversity among all in the animal kingdom, with almost a million species that have been discovered so far. Introduction to the identification of beetles coleoptera. The total number of insect species documented are more than 1 million. Entomology types of wings insects flashcards quizlet. Multiplication of flagellum segments during postembryonic development is. Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects. Guide to common insects and other arthropods found.
A pectinate antenna, for example, has each subunit prolonged at one side, giving rise to a comb like appearance. Protura antennae present may be difficult to see3 3. First, the number andor size of system components, i. To study specializations and adaptability of structures such as the mouthparts, antennae. Insects are able to feel with their antennae because of the fine hairs that cover them. Some insects are very helpful in destroying injurious insects. A wide array of antenna forms is found as a result of different modification of the subunits. Antennae are articulated with in front between the compound eyes. If antennae are not apparent check to see if attachment sockets are visible on the insect s head in front of and beneath the eyes. Types of larvae and pupae eggs the first stage of development in all insects is egg.
Arthropods include insects, spiders called arachnids, and crustaceans. All insects come with a pair of antennae, located on head antennae are for smelling, touching, and even hearing antennae can tell the insect they are touching something delicious to eat or, could help them orient towards a food source antennae also detect pheromones a hormone that affects fellow individuals. Structure and modifications of insect antennae fundamentals. Most reports come from western and northern europe, where the insect fauna is wellstudied and there are considerable demographic data for many taxonomically disparate. Some aquatic insects have long legs that are used like oars to help the insect swim. The adult insect possess a pair of antennae it bears from the 2 nd segment of head antennae function almost exclusively in sensory perception. The antennae are usually used as tactile organs organs pertaining to the sense of touch or as olfactory organs organs of smell. Friday 5 5 types of insect antennae, part 1 the dragonfly. Mr mubasshir sohail teaching asistant 3rdb semester b. Insect antennae serve different sensory functions and come in different forms. Have the students draw the different types of antennae that they see. Aristate antennae are most notably found in the diptera true flies.
Bring the class back together for a discussion on the functions of antennae. Enter homes in warm weather highprotein foods, dairy products, sweets, seeds. Generally, the sensilla porous and aporous are found on the all antennae both sexes but they have concentrated. Genetic patterning in the adult capitate antenna of the. Not all insects are discussed or are identifiable to species. In many insects of the order lepidoptera which include moths and butterflies, the antenna gradually becomes broader at the tip making it looks like a club or knob.
Youll see this type of antennae in the antlions and owlflies, but this is also the standard butterfly style of antenna that youve probably seen a million times. Some insects dont swim they walk on top of the water. Different types of antennas with properties and thier working. During this transitional stage, the larval characters are destroyed and new adult characters are created. Mouth parts are directed backwards and held in between the fore legs. Insects are distinguished from other arthropods by their body, which is divided into three major regions. The different types of antenna are highly relevant for the determination of beetles. To study specializations and adaptability of structures such as the mouthparts, antennae, legs, wings and pronotum. Other insects have very short, fat legs that beat quickly for fast swimming. Except for the proturans, which are wingless hexapods, diplurans, springtails collembola and insects develop different types of antennae.
Lepidoptera are distinguished from other orders by the presence of scales on the external parts of the body and appendages, especially the wings. Antennae are the primary olfactory sensors of insects and are accordingly wellequipped with a wide variety of sensilla singular. Insects photographic atlas of entomology and guide to insect identification how to know the immature insects insects and diseases of woody plants of the central rockies pests of the west book title list handout. They are usually covered with olfactory receptors that can detect odor molecules in the air the sense of smell. The remaining antennal segments flagellomeres are jointly called the flagellum. A list of different types of flying insects with pictures. Insects are different from other arthropods because they have three body regions, six legs, one pair of antennae, and two pairs of wings. If furcula absent, size and body shape are characteristic of order. The role of blood in insects is the transport of nutrients, wastes, and hormones. A list of different antennas antenna types with links to detailed descriptions. Segmented appendages attached to the head above the. Antennae ending in nested plates are known as lamellate g. Orkin insect zoo, located inside the smithsonian institutions national museum of natural history, will change the way you view insects and their relatives.
This basic structure is modified in a wide variety of ways. You can think of the antennae as functioning similarly to the human sense of smell, although insect antennae are much better at smelling than we are. Butterflies and moths vary in size from microlepidoptera. You can see the capitate antennae easily in this butterfly photo. Egg stage is inconspicuous, inexpensive and inactive.
The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other arthropods due to their shared evolutionary history. Insects which produce honey, wax, lac, dyes and silk are commercially beneficial. Apis, the honeybees produce millions of tons of honey every year, it also gives bees. Schons agriculture university college of agriculture university of sargodha truth. The antennae of an insect are very important organs. Insects are found in every single environment imaginable, from inside structures to under the water, and even in the snow. Antennae appear in a lot of incredibly diverse shapes and sizes, and every group of insects develops one or more models. Insects perceive their surroundings through different organs, among which antennae are some of the most important. Insect declines are being reported worldwide for flying, ground, and aquatic lineages.
The article provides a pictorial presentation of the different types of insects. Muscles moving this type of antenna are found only in the head and in the scape. In this presentation we learned that there are many keys that can help us to accurately identify insects including wings, antennae, legs, and mouthparts. They thrive indoors and outdoors, wherever they have access to food and water. One type of aporous trichoid sensilla, st1, was found on the antennae of both sexes of a. Introduction to the identification of insects and related arthropods. Insects evolved from prehistoric crustaceans, and they have secondary antennae like crustaceans, but not primary antennae. In this article we will discuss about the economic importance of insects. These clues will help you identify a mystery insect, and provide information about how the insect lives, feeds and moves. The hard exoskeleton that is a common feature of arthropods is particularly well illustrated in the head. Each segment has an own set of muscles that moves it independently from the rest of the. Look at the shape of the antennae, and watch how the insect holds its wings. Ent 4015 ornamentals and turf entomology insect morphology. Antenna structure varies widely among insects, in contrast to the wellconserved structure of legs.
General household pests ants are some of the most ubiquitous insects found in community environments. This type is also called hemipteroid type or opisthorhychous. Some of these modifications just provide greater surface area for sensory receptors, while others are unique adaptations that bestow special sensory capabilities, such as detecting sound vibrations, wind speed, or humidity. Insect antennae can be adapted to their environment. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The simplest type of antenna is the filiform which consist of many more or less the same sized subunits. The following insect identification guide will help you know more about their teenyweeny and beautiful microworlds. Small boxes, corks, and all of these insects are amazing antennae. About insects there are more types of insects than any other type of animal on the planet. Filiform antennae are seen in a wide variety of groups, such as dragonflies, grasshoppers and crickets, book lice, biting lice, scorpion flies and beetles. Particularly, wire antennas such as the short dipole and halfwave dipole antennas are presented, aperture, patch, reflector and travelling wave antenna types are presented. The overall shape of most insect antennae is elongate and cylindrical, although elaborations into plumose, lamellate, or pectinate forms have arisen many times in different insect lineages. Many flies have huge eyes that meet at the top of their heads.
Introduction to the identification of insects and related. Over a million visitors each year are discovering their global ecological importance, and the interdependent relationship between insects and humans. Arthropods use antennae to touch, smell, and even hear the world. Wasps have four wings, chewing mouthparts, a sting in females, and long antennae. Have the students look closely at the antennaeof the insects in their box.
Insects class insecta have segmented bodies, jointed legs, and external skeletons. Eggs are laid under conditions where the food is available for feeding of the future youngones. General household pests ants university of arizona. An insect s head contains eyes, mouthparts and antennae. Do insects have blood and do they bleed when they are hurt. The next time you observe a lady beetle or a moth in your yard, stop and take a closer look.
We encourage you to know more about their origin, functions and diversity through this post. Segmented appendages attached to the head above the mouthparts, with important sensory functions. Elgar a, dong zhang b, qike w ang a, bernadette wittwer a, hieu thi pham a, t amara l. Antennae vary greatly among insects, but all follow a basic plan. Many insects also use their antennae as humidity sensors, to detect changes in the concentration of water vapor. The three body regions of an insect are the head, thorax, and abdomen. See if you can distinguish the head, thorax, and abdomen. Ground beetles carabidae do most have filiform antennae type a, geniculate antennae type f are found in lucanidae and curculionidae. Aristate aristate antennae are pouchlike with a lateral bristle. Some of the information that can be detected by insect antennae includes. Paired, mobile, and segmented, they are located between the eyes on the forehead. Learning these antennae types will help you identify insects. Although commonly called feelers, the antennae are much more than just tactile receptors. Most insects rely on antennae to sense their environment.
As shown in the given diagram, the ferrite rod antenna consists of a conducting wire wounded over the insulated former in the shape of coil. The adult capitate antenna of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, is composed of eleven articles, organized into four distinct morphological regions scape, pedicel, funicle and club. Children encounter insects or by products of insects everyday. Group members adnan nawaz 72 arshad ali 79 mohsin altaf 74 hafiz irfan elahi 75 muhammad kamran 76 farrukh sajjad 77 asad hayat 78 ali husnain 80 data collection and arrangement. Insects with large eyes do not need extra help seeing and. Part of the biodiversity counts curriculum collection. This type of antenna is considered to be an ideal antenna and taken as a reference for most of the calculations related to propagation of e.
Insects and their relatives arthropods are numerous and diverse insects beetles, flies, moths, earwigs, aphids arachnids spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions crustaceans crayfish, crabs, lobsters, sowbugs centipedes, millipedes exoskeleton is a hard outer shell jointed appendages, segmented body. They are elongated appendages in various length and shape projected from the insect s head. The strongest muscles in the head serve the mandibles in chewing insects and the sucking pump in piercingsucking insects. This means that a number of different types may be recognised.
Antennae function almost exclusively in sensory perception. An arthropod is defined as an animal having a hard exoskeleton with joints and paired jointed legs. The external morphology of lepidoptera is the physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order lepidoptera, also known as butterflies and moths. In fact, only 5% of all the described species of insects are actually harmful in some way. Such is the diversity and variety among the species that half of the living ones belong to the class insecta. Antennae are segmented appendages that function primarily in chemoreception and mechanoreception. Filiform antennae are seen in a wide variety of groups. We call animals with certain characteristics, like three main body parts, antennae, spiracles, etc.
Adaptations of insects teachers booklet texas cooperative extension. If they had eight legs and two main body parts, we would call them spiders. Optional hand out the antennae matching game, and have the students match the antennae type to the correct name, filling in the insect that has that antennae type. Ants outdoors are mostly beneficial, as they act as scavengers and decomposers of organic matter, predators of small insects and seed dispersers of certain plants. Most insects possess one pair of compound eyes and sometimes some simple eyes called ocelli. Lacking segmented antennae and always lacking any suggestion of wings. Pdf the basic mechanism by which the antennal flagellum is subdivided into flagellomeres is. Yolk contained in the egg supports the embryonic development. Introduction to insects integrated pest management.
Accurate insect identification is important as it is one of the first components of integrated pest management. Three physical features separate insects from other arthropods. Optional show the overhead with the antennae types and the names of each type. The evolution of diverse solutions to odorant perception mark a. In this type there are many segments that are more or less equal in size. These two characters antennae and wings are mentioned here to emphasize the point that it is almost. Here, we report the use of rna interference to examine the functions of 21 genes during antenna. The key also shows that arthropods can be divided into three more groups insects, arachnids and crustaceans.
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